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- Defence companies around the world are already looking to a sixth-generation of future fighter aircraft, despite only a handful of fifth-generation aircraft being in service, namely Lockheed Martin’s F-35 Lightning II and F-22 Raptor and Chinese firm Chengdu’s J-20 fighter jet.
- Aviation Week's Bill Sweetman noted that Lockheed Martin 'labeled the F-35 a “fifth-generation” fighter in 2005, a term it borrowed from Russia in 2004 to describe the F-22', and proposes that the post–Cold War era, low-cost approach of the Saab Gripen should qualify it as a sixth generation jet.
- Sep 27, 2016 The U.S. Already fields fifth-generation planes in the form of the F-22 Raptor and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. But three-fourths of U.S. Planes are fourth-generation designs dating back to the.
- The Ministry of Defence hopes the Tempest will be flying by 2035, alongside the RAF's fleet of F-35Bs. Announcing the programme, Gavin Williamson said: 'It shows our allies that we are open to working together to protect the skies in an increasingly threatening future - and this concept model is just a glimpse into what the future could look like.
Sep 16, 2019 Some Air Force and Navy officials are now shying away from using the term sixth-generation fighter, and have adopted the phrase next-generation air dominance, or NGAD, to describe their future systems, which will be supported by space, cyber and other capabilities. Goldfein said the Air Force could develop multiple types of sixth-gen aircraft.
Jet fighters generations are categories created to separate major technology leaps in the historical development of jet fighters. The term generation first appeared in the 1990s, according to the Royal Australian Air Force's Air Power Development Centre Bulletin: 'to make sense of the leap-frogging improvements in performance to jet fighter aircraft brought about through major advances in aircraft design, avionics, and weapon systems'.[1] and proposes that a 'generational shift in jet fighter aircraft occurs when a technological innovation cannot be incorporated into an existing aircraft through upgrades' and retrofits.[1]
Lockheed Martin has applied the term 'fifth-generation' for its F-22 and F-35 aircraft, to imply their competition is unable to offer similar levels of performance, a classification debated by Eurofighter,[2] and by Boeing IDS for the bid to replace Canadian Forces jets.[3]Aviation Week's Bill Sweetman noted that Lockheed Martin 'labeled the F-35 a “fifth-generation” fighter in 2005, a term it borrowed from Russia in 2004 to describe the F-22', and proposes that the post–Cold War era, low-cost approach of the Saab Gripen should qualify it as a sixth generation jet.[4] This marketing terminology made its way to statements by the Australian politicians.[5]
Definitions[edit]
Richard P. Hallion[edit]
USAF historian Richard P. Hallion proposed a classification in 1990:[6]
- 1. High subsonic (1943–50): 'little aerodynamic difference from the last generation of propeller-driven fighters. First- and second-generation turbojets; wood, fabric, and all-metal construction; optical gunsights; straight wing and straight tail. Mechanical control systems. Primitive ejection seats. Mach 0.75-0.85.' Me 262, Gloster Meteor, P-80, DH Vampire, Yak-15, MiG-9, Saab 21R, F-84 Thunderjet, F9F Panther, Dassault Ouragan, DH Venom.
- 2.Transonic (1947–55): 'Second-generation turbojets; radar gunsights; swept wings; generally have adjustable horizontal stabilizers. Early hydromechanical flight control systems. Mach 0.90-1.05.' F-86, F-84 Thunderstreak, F9F Cougar, MiG-15, MiG-17, Hawker Hunter, Dassault Mystère IV.
- 3. Early supersonic (1953–60): 'Swept wings, all-moving tails, radar gunsights, introduction of air-to-air missile armament. Third-generation turbojet engines. Early stability augmentation technology. Generally adaptable for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions. Mach 1.3.' MiG-19, F-100, F-8.
- 4. Supersonic (limited purpose) (1955–70): 'Supersonic aerodynamics, especially area ruling; fourth-generation turbojets; radar for search and fire control. Overreliance on air-to-air missiles based on unrealistic expectations. Mach 2.0.' F-104, early model MiG-21, English Electric Lightning, early model Mirage III.
- 5. Supersonic (multirole) (1958–80): 'Refined supersonic aerodynamic design, including canards and variable geometry wings; fourth- and fifth-generation engines; stability augmentation; mixed-gun air-to-air missile (AAM) armament; terrain-following radar for low-level high-speed flight; radar search and fire control; infrared sensors; heads up displays (HUD); laser ranging and targeting; wide range of air-to-surface missiles, bombs, and rockets, including precision-guided munitions. Mach 1.4-2.5.' F-105, F-4, late-model MiG-21, late-model Mirage III, F-5, F-111, Mirage V, Su-24, MiG-23, MiG-27, SEPECAT Jaguar, Mirage F1, Kfir.
- 6. Supersonic multirole, high efficiency (1974–present[1990]): 'Combined the characteristics of the fifth-generation fighters with advances in propulsion, radar (multiple target track-while-scan, look-down/shoot-down), sensor, and electronic flight control technology to generate highly maneuverable, highly agile aircraft that can be swing-roled for air-to-air and air-to-ground missions. Fifth- or sixth-generation gas-turbine engines; engine thrust-to-weight ratios in excess of one; ability to attain supersonic speeds without afterburning; sustained high-G flight, and controllability below 70 knots at angles of attack exceeding 70 degrees. High degree of energy efficiency. Mix of cannon and missile armament, coupled with diverse air-to-ground weaponry. Mach 1.8-2.5.' F-14, F-15, F-16, F/A-18, Mirage 2000, Panavia Tornado, MiG-29, Su-27.
Aerospaceweb[edit]
In 2004 the website Aerospaceweb noted that classification by generations, 'appears to have first appeared in Russia during the mid-1990s when officials were planning a competitor to the American Joint Strike Fighter' and proposed a classification :[7]
- 1. 1945 to 1955, similar in capability to piston-engined fighter, thrust limited early jet engines, subsonic, rare radars, conventional armament (guns, bombs, rockets) : Me 262, F-86, MiG-15, etc.
- 2. 1955 to 1960, supersonic in level flight, radar, first air-to-air missiles : F-102, F-104, F-105, F-106, MiG-19, MiG-21, Gloster Javelin, Dassault Mirage III, Saab Draken
- 3. 1960 to 1970, multi-purpose fighter-bombers : F-4, F-5, F-8, MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, Su-15, Su-17/20/22, British Aerospace Harrier, Mirage F1, Super Etendard, J-8II, Yak-38
- 4. 1970 to 1990, emphasizing maneuverability rather than speed : F-14, F-15, F-16, F/A-18, AV-8B, MiG-29, MiG-31, Su-27, Su-33, Yak-141, Panavia Tornado, Mirage 2000, Viggen, Mitsubishi F-2, AIDC Ching-Kuo, Chengdu J-10
- 4.5. 1990 to 2000, enhanced capabilities, advanced avionics, limited Stealth technology characteristics : F/A-18E/F, Su-30, Su-34, Su-35, Mig-35, Eurofighter Typhoon, Saab Gripen, Dassault Rafale
- 5. 2000-, advanced integrated avionics, low observable 'stealth' techniques : F-22, F-35
Similar definitions are used by Richard A. Bitzinger in 2009,[8] and by the Australian Fighter World Aviation Museum.[9]
Air Force Magazine[edit]
Aes 256 key generator java. In 2009, Air Force Magazine also define fighter generations and proposed a sixth :[10]
- 1. Jet propulsion : F-80, Me 262
- 2. Swept wings; range radar; infrared missiles : F-86, MiG-15
- 3. Supersonic, pulse radar, Beyond-visual-range missiles : Century Series, F-105, F-4, MiG-17, MiG-21
- 4. Pulse-doppler radar; high maneuverability; look-down/shoot-down missiles : F-15, F-16, Mirage 2000, MiG-29.
- 4+. High agility; sensor fusion; reduced radar signature : Eurofighter Typhoon, Su-30, F/A-18E/F, Rafale
- 4++. Active electronically scanned arrays; continued reduced signatures or “active” (waveform canceling) stealth technology, supercruise : Su-35, proposed F-15SE
- 5. All-aspect stealth with internal weapons bays, extreme agility, full-sensor fusion, integrated avionics, some or full supercruise : F-22, F-35.
The magazine also proposes a 6th category for advanced aircraft in early developmental stages:
- 6: Extreme stealth, morphing capability, smart skins, highly networked, extremely sensitive sensors, optionally manned, directed energy weapons.
Jim Winchester[edit]
Jim Winchester, in a book published in 2011 by The Rosen Publishing Group, proposed the following definitions:[11][citation not found]
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- 1. 1942–1950. from World War II to the Korean War, similar construction to their propeller driven fighter, 1st and 2nd generation turbojets : Me 262, Gloster Meteor, MiG 15, F-86
- 2. 1950–1965. onboard radar, infrared homingmissiles
- 3. 1965–1975. look-down/shoot-down, RF air-to-air missiles, Terrain awareness and warning systems, Air-to-surface missiles with electro-optical guidance (e.g. AGM-65 Maverick), laser-guided bombs : F-4
- 4. 1975–2005. relaxed stability by fly-by-wire, digital computers, Active electronically scanned array, Infra-red search and track : F-14, F-15, F-16, F/A-18
- 4+, 4++. 1986- high capacity. Air Power Development Centre Bulletin. Royal Australian Air Force. January 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-03-22.
- ^'What is a 5th generation fighter'(PDF). Eurofighter World. February 2010. p. 16. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-11-02. (archive date inferred from archive URL)
- ^Daniel Leblanc (18 October 2013). 'War heats up between Lockheed Martin and Boeing in bid to replace jets'. 'The Globe and Mail'.
- ^Bill Sweetman (24 March 2014). 'Is Saab's New Gripen The Future Of Fighters?'. 'Aviation Week & Space Technology'.
- ^'The F-35 JSF: what is a fifth-generation fighter aircraft?'. 'The Conversation' Australia. 30 April 2014.
- ^Dr Richard P. Hallion (Winter 1990), Air Force Fighter Acquisition since 1945, 'Air Power Journal', archived from the original on 2016-12-11, retrieved 2012-02-07
- ^Joe Yoon (27 June 2004). 'Fighter Generations'. Aerospaceweb.
- ^Richard A. Bitzinger, ed. (2009). The Modern Defense Industry: Political, Economic, and Technological Issues. Praeger. p. 307.
- ^'Five Generations of Jets'. Fighter World Aviation Museum, Australia.
- ^John A. Tirpak (October 2009). 'The Sixth Generation Fighter'. 'Air Force Magazine'. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ^Jim Winchester (December 15, 2011). James Bennett (ed.). Jet Fighters Inside & Out. Weapons of War. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 5, 83. ISBN978-1448859825.
- ^'Does China's J-20 rival other stealth fighters?'. China Power. CSIS. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Key Feature Of Sixth Generation Jets Game
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